Do-it-yourself diagnostics of a VAZ car engine

VAZ 2110 error codes are presented numerically on the display, and they are transmitted from phase sensors to the on-board computer. This is convenient, but a novice driver will not understand much and will not be able to figure out how to use this equipment. But you need to know and be able to do this, since the system, thanks to the built-in self-diagnosis function, will help to identify a malfunction in the early stages, which means it is possible to eliminate it in a timely manner.

Diagnostics

There are two ways to diagnose the condition of car systems. Let's start with the first one, which does not involve the use of additional equipment.

To start the self-diagnosis function, you need to press a button that resets the mileage for the day. Turn on the ignition. You will see how the arrows on the instruments begin to move from one position to another. This means that the diagnostics of the VAZ 2110 has been launched and information has begun to flow from the phase sensors to the ECU. After the process is completed, the RAM will transmit numbers to the display that will show the state of the car’s systems.

VAZ 2110 car

Decoding combinations

When the self-diagnosis is completed and the number 0 is displayed, this means that everything is in order with the vehicle and all systems are working as expected:

• if 1 is displayed, this indicates that there are problems with the microprocessor or the RAM is failing;
• 4 — high voltage in the network, more than 16 V;
• if 8, then low.

If there is not one fault, but several, then a figure equal to the sum of faults will be displayed. If 6 lights up, then this will mean the sum of the numbers 2 and 4. If 14, then most likely there are three malfunctions at once, namely 2, 4 and 8.

The simplest diagnostics that is available to the driver without the use of additional equipment. It will, of course, help identify some faults, as well as show the condition of the components and systems of the VAZ 2110 as a whole. But to specifically identify all faults and decipher information coming from phase sensors, additional tools are needed. For example, the on-board computer STATE, which provides more data.

Daily mileage reset button

Frequently asked questions about car diagnostics via a computer or smartphone VAZ 2110

Let's look at the most common questions that owners have during diagnostics.

ECU diagnostics via OBD2

Older models of electronic control systems are equipped with a K-line transmission. A K-Line VAG adapter is suitable for connection. ISO exchange protocols supported: 9141-1, 9141-2, 14230, KWP2000. Connects to the diagnostic socket on the car. Allows you to read errors, identify defective components, and erase codes from the ECU memory.

For injection cars, other connection methods are used. There is an OBD2 connector, and packets are exchanged via the CAN bus. It is worth noting that the contact group is equipped with 16 pins. To transmit information, 2 wires are used: CAN-High and CAN-Low.

Suitable adapters, diagnostic cables

It is important to know:

ELM 327 adapters cannot always successfully communicate with the vehicle control system. It is recommended to use equipment version 1.5.

It is worth noting that a full-fledged CAN bus in the VAZ family began to be used in the latest model range. Prior to this, partial communication by this standard with individual components (instrument panel, climate control) was implemented.

Suitable scanners for diagnosing a VAZ 2110 car

Scanners are more professional equipment with their own software shell and display. The following equipment is suitable for cars of the VAZ 21XX line:

• DST-14T;
• Launch X431 PRO (With software module for VAZ);
• Autel MaxiDas DS708;
• Other professional car scanners with OBD2 connectors.

Separately, it is worth noting DST-14T. This is an official dealer scanner recommended by the AVTOVAZ plant.

In early models, units with a 12-pin service block (GM12) were installed. The K-Line bus is used for communication. It is compatible with the standard K-Line VAG adapter. The following software is used: OpenDiag, ELM327 VAZ (with ELM device), Diagnostic Tool v1.3.1.

Error diagnosis and decoding

The analysis of nodes occurs through the exchange of information between the computer and diagnostic equipment. At the output, the software generates OBD error codes, which are used to decipher the defective unit.

In self-diagnosis mode, the ECU independently queries the control systems. Based on the response, the state of individual components is analyzed. If the element does not respond or sends incorrect values, the computer issues a fault code.

Sensor diagnostics

VAZ 2110 units supporting hardware service:

1. Lambda probe. Normal operation of the internal combustion engine corresponds to readings in the region of 0.1-0.9 V. The data shows the quality of mixture formation. Displayed as voltage across the probe.
2. DMRV. Acceptable values ​​are in the range of 1.00-1.02V. Minor deviations are allowed. The information is displayed as node voltage.
3. Speed ​​sensor. Generates rectangular pulses. The conversion is carried out by the scanner and is displayed as km/h.
4. Idle speed sensor. Information from the ECM is output in the form of valve opening steps.
5. Coolant temperature sensor. Shows the actual heating value converted to degrees.
6. Engine temperature sensor. Works similarly to DTOZH. Connected to the temperature indicator on the instrument panel.
7. Oil pressure sensor. Shows the actual kPa value.
8. Air pressure sensor. The value is displayed in kPa. Displays the manifold vacuum.
9. Fuel pressure sensor. Shows fuel line pressure.
10. Throttle sensor. Displays the percentage value of how much the damper is open.

Diagnostics using additional tools

To diagnose cars, including the VAZ 2110, various equipment is used, which is connected to a special connector. Thanks to this equipment, which is not particularly complicated or expensive, you can get a complete picture of the condition of the car.

The service station uses a personal computer to which data from phase sensors is transmitted via a special cable.

Adapter for car diagnostics

Bluetooth devices have appeared on the market that allow diagnostics using a smartphone, tablet or laptop.

They work according to the scheme. The device is connected to the connector, the ignition is turned on and the diagnostic process begins. The data comes from phase sensors to the ECU. From it to a mobile device on which specialized software must first be installed.

This makes it possible not only to obtain more data, but also to present it in a more visual form. This method allows a driver, even with little experience in operating a car (in our case, a VAZ 2110), to obtain all the data about his car.

But most drivers prefer to carry out diagnostics at a service station. So that you are aware of the data that the on-board computer produces through RAM from the phase sensors, we will present the transcripts of common errors.

Decoding combinations

If problems arise with electrical equipment, they must be corrected immediately. Error code 1602 will indicate that not everything is in order in this matter.

Sometimes error 1602 can simply be reset and does not appear in the future. Socialists call such data “good.”

Error 1602 sometimes appears if:

• the battery was disconnected for some time;
• there was a voltage surge when starting the engine, for example, in cold weather.

But if error code 1602 appears all the time, you need to check the entire network. Perhaps there is a break. If error code 1602 constantly appears, you can try cleaning the battery terminals. Check if they are securely fastened. Didn't help, error 1602 still appears? Check the circuit. You need to start from the positive terminal of the battery. Start with the electrical fuse and fuse link.

ELM327

Separately, we will introduce you to the ELM327 adapter, with the help of which many VAZ 2110 owners perform full diagnostics on their own.

ELM327 is one of the latest OBD developments. This scanner is used to check cars using a computer. The key advantage is that the device supports all known OBD protocols and interacts with many diagnostic programs. A USB cable is used to connect the device to a computer.

ELM327

The software for the ELM327 is mostly free, although some software is available only for a fee.

The adapter can work on computers with different OS. Namely:

• DOS;
• Windows;
• MacOS;
• Linux;
• PalmOS;

The full capabilities of the scanner can only be fully realized through properly selected software. For self-diagnosis, software for scanning the transmission and engine is available free of charge. Commercial versions of the programs allow you to additionally check other components of the car.

Key Features

Let's take a look at the capabilities that the ELM327 chip provides:

• Reads error codes and vehicle malfunctions;
• Displays codes and their descriptions;
• Exports data for printing, if necessary;
• Removes error codes;
• Displays data in metric and US measurement systems;
• Records, saves data, builds graphs;
• It has an acceleration counter from 0 to 100 km/h, which allows diagnostics on the go.

Many vehicle operating parameters must be checked while driving. Not all adapters are suitable for this, so it is important to choose equipment that suits your requirements.

Step-by-step instructions for diagnosing a VAZ-2110 with your own hands

To carry out computer diagnostics of a VAZ-2110 car, it is recommended to contact specialized car services that have all the necessary equipment at their disposal. However, this approach has several significant drawbacks. Firstly, the procedure for identifying faults in a service station can be quite expensive. Secondly, unscrupulous technicians have a bad habit of embellishing the results obtained and claiming faults that actually do not exist.

That is why in this article we will look at how to do computer diagnostics of a VAZ-2110 with your own hands, provide detailed step-by-step instructions and help you minimize costs.

Everything about the VAZ 2110 diagnostic connector: modern drivers must know

The owner of every modern car knows what computer diagnostics are and what goals they serve. Thanks to this type of checking of all systems and components, the motorist has the opportunity to learn about malfunctions of certain mechanisms in a timely manner. However, as practice shows, not all owners of the “ten” know where the diagnostic connector is located on a VAZ 2110 car and what it is needed for. Read more about this below.

What is needed to diagnose a VAZ-2110

So, to check your car for faults, identify injector failures and on-board computer errors, you will need the following:

• an adapter designed to connect the ECU (electronic control unit of a car) with a PC, as well as display all the results obtained on the display of a tablet, smartphone or laptop. When purchasing an adapter, you should definitely take into account all the features of the car, since these devices are not universal. For VAZ-2110 cars, the ELM327 model would be an excellent choice;
• a cable that allows the adapter to be connected to a personal computer and the vehicle’s diagnostic connector. Its length should be no more than 5 meters, so be sure to take this requirement into account when choosing equipment for diagnostics;
• laptop or tablet. Many experts strongly recommend using a portable laptop computer, which will provide you with complete freedom of action in the process of carrying out diagnostic work;
• software. Its most current version can be easily found on the website of the adapter manufacturer or on specialized websites dedicated to the diagnosis and repair of the VAZ-2110.

VAZ 2110 ECU and suitable scanners

The following control units were used on the Tens:

• BOSCH M1.5.4, BOSCH M7.9.7, BOSCH MP7.0 HFM;
• GM ISFI-2S, VS 5.1;
• M73, M74, M74K;
• January 4, January 5.1, January 5.1.1, January 5.1.3, January 7.2.

To communicate with the ECU via the OBD2 port via the CAN bus, the following are used:

To communicate with the ECU via the OBD port in the absence of a CAN bus:

More detailed information on diagnostic car scanners for the VAZ 2110 is provided below.

VAZ 2110 ECU and block diagnostic capabilities

A table with information about the ECUs used depending on the engine, as well as the capabilities of the diagnostic units.

ECU location:

The on-board computer is located under the center console of the torpedo. The side is covered with a plastic shield. From the front side, signal wires connected to the ECU are connected into a block.

The block is fastened to a metal strip in a horizontal plane. To remove it, simply unscrew the screws, unclip the communication block and pull the module out.

By the way, removing the ECU is only necessary when flashing the controller firmware or replacing it.

Chip tuning and firmware for VAZ 2110:

Serial firmware is tailored for balanced operation of the internal combustion engine with low fuel consumption. Software A5V13L05 for January 5.1.1 belongs to the third generation. It supports a wideband knock sensor and has an updated flow processing channel. Configured to comply with Russia-83 standards. Software B103EQ09 for Bosch M7.9.7 works with the EURO-2 standard.

Upgraded firmware provides a clear increase in power, but with increased consumption. This is achieved by ignoring toxicity standards, adjusting injection and ignition.

Features of computer diagnostics of a car

How is diagnostics carried out using all the equipment and software listed above? A detailed description of this procedure will help you answer this question:

• diagnostic software transmits a request to the car controller via the adapter;
• the controller, in turn, provides all the necessary information about the state of the main on-board systems of your car;
• the software analyzes the data and displays the result in the most readable form;
• Using information on the Internet, you decipher error codes obtained as a result of diagnostics and identify problems with certain components and mechanisms of the car.

Data is transferred to the computer via the ODB II protocol. It has a number of disadvantages, but the VAZ-2110 is quite suitable for diagnosing a car, since domestic cars are equipped with significantly less electronic equipment than modern imported equipment.

Do-it-yourself diagnostics of a VAZ 2112 car

Diagnostics by car models November 3, 2021 Rating:

Reading time

Difficulty of the material:

For the pros - 4 out of 5

VAZ 2112 belongs to the last representatives of the VAZ “ten” family. The car was produced from 1998 to 2008. Its place was taken by a new model, bearing the name Priora.

The basis for the power unit was its predecessor - 21083. The design of the internal combustion engine has undergone fundamental changes. Electronic injection control was integrated instead of the classic carburetor. Such innovations have made it possible to reduce consumption and increase toxicity standards, as well as to carry out diagnostics of the ECM by connecting to the OBD connector.

This instruction describes in detail the process of reading data from the Dvenashka ECU. The article also contains recommendations: which scanner or adapter, as well as the program to choose for diagnostics. The article contains useful links to more detailed instructions and reviews of diagnostic equipment.

Main types of computer diagnostics

The adapter, which is connected to the on-board computer system and your laptop (or tablet), allows you to carry out the following types of diagnostic work:

• assessment of the technical condition of the engine. It will allow you to find out why the power unit suddenly loses its original power, and will also help you understand why fuel consumption increases and problems arise with starting the engine;
• suspension diagnostics, which is simply necessary if problems arise with the maneuverability of the car, tires wear unevenly, or extraneous sounds appear while driving;
• checking the condition of the automatic transmission. You will not need this function, since the VAZ-2110 is equipped with “mechanics”. However, it is of great importance for diagnosing other machines.

What is needed for work

If you decide to diagnose faults in your VAZ 2110 yourself, then you will need several basic things for this work.

When choosing an adapter and cable, take into account the characteristics of your vehicle. Not all adapters are universal. For the VAZ 2110, an example of an excellent adapter is the ELM327. We'll talk about it later.

How it works?

Now let’s figure out how it all works together and how you can diagnose the car yourself.

1. The diagnostic program sends signals via the COM port through the adapter to the vehicle controller.
2. The controller sends information in response.
3. The program processes the received data, producing the corresponding result on your computer screen.
4. Data exchange is carried out according to the appropriate protocol. Depending on the car manufacturer, the protocol may be different and have its own characteristics.
5. To simplify diagnostics, many manufacturers use the universal ODB II protocol. Its capabilities are limited and not adapted for all cars. It is ideal for the VAZ 2110 model, since the top ten does not have an increased amount of electronics, unlike more modern cars.
6. In the case of the VAZ 2110, the program on the computer screen will display the result in the form of error codes. It is enough to open the material where we described the error codes for the VAZ 2110 to understand what kind of breakdown has occurred to your car. Next, appropriate actions are taken to eliminate them.

A significant advantage of diagnostics is the fact that after it you know exactly what kind of malfunction you are dealing with. You don't have to go through half the car to find the source of the problem.

Types of diagnostics

Computer diagnostics of a car can be divided into three main types, one of which is not directly related to the VAZ 2110.

1. Checking the suspension. It must be carried out if the rubber begins to wear unevenly or if extraneous sounds are heard when moving. Diagnostics will allow you to determine the reasons for the drift of the rear and front axles, which you may notice when entering turns at speed.
2. Engine check. The main share of diagnostic activities falls on power units. The computer and adapter will help you if the idle speed is unstable, the car is difficult to start, fuel consumption increases, power decreases, etc.
3. Automatic transmission check. Since the VAZ 2110 is not equipped with an automatic transmission, there is no point in diagnosing it.

Connectors

You have decided to carry out diagnostics. But what and where to connect?

On the VAZ 2110, the connector for computer diagnostics (CD) is located at the bottom of the steering column to the right of the driver. The connector is called OBD. This information makes finding the right adapter much easier.

To carry out the test, you should perform the following sequence of operations:

• An adapter is inserted into the OBD connector near the steering column;
• The computer must already be turned on;
• When the block is connected to the adapter, you need to turn on the ignition. Without power, the program will not be able to work and read data;
• Next, we connect the program with which testing is carried out;
• If all elements are operational, the car’s electronics will be displayed on the computer monitor;
• Start checking.

Pinout

Since for testing we need a diagnostic block, that is, OBD, it would not be amiss to learn about the features of its pinout. This way you can easily figure out how to connect:

• Contact A - is responsible for connecting the ground;
• Contact B - required to connect L-Line. Please note that not all vehicles have this contact;
• Contact M - used to connect K-Line;
• Contact H - power supply +12V;
• Contact G - controls the operation of the fuel pump.

How to independently diagnose a VAZ-2110

The last question that remains to be addressed in our article is the sequence of diagnostics of the VAZ-2110. It looks like this:

• connect the adapter to the ODB diagnostic connector, which is located under the steering column;
• turn on the tablet or laptop, on the screen of which the diagnostic results will be displayed;
• turn on the car ignition. To check the engine and suspension, as well as to display the necessary information on the display, a mandatory power supply to the on-board network of the machine is required;
• launch the software and get the results of diagnostic procedures;
• We decipher error codes and determine malfunctions of certain components and mechanisms of the car.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in self-diagnosis of the VAZ-2110. You can easily navigate all its intricacies without having the appropriate knowledge and skills, you will be able to identify existing problems without contacting car services, and you will be able to significantly reduce the financial costs of servicing your car.

Why is diagnostics needed?

Let's first figure out why we need to diagnose faults and whether this is required specifically for your car.

The main advantage of diagnostics is the ability to save money, time and modern nerves. If the car begins to behave inappropriately, some extraneous sounds appear, the stable operation of the engine is disrupted, then there are two options:

1. To study all systems manually by dismantling and testing would waste a lot of time and nerves. The probability of finding the cause of the breakdown is far from 100%.
2. Conduct computer diagnostics yourself by connecting a special adapter or cable to the computer. The program will scan the car and be able to issue the appropriate error codes. After studying our material with error codes, you can easily find the reason why the car began to behave abnormally.

Is it worth going to a service station?

The quality of diagnostics at a service station is often not much different from an independent check. Having an adapter and cable to connect the device allows you to deal with the problems of your own car without outside interference.

By contacting a service station, they can diagnose you with the same equipment, but they will only ask you for a decent amount of money. If you do not control the progress of the check yourself, technicians may claim to have found other errors that in reality do not exist.

The result of visiting a dubious service station for diagnostic purposes can be serious financial costs and a long absence of the car at your disposal.

Example of an adapter with cable

The only option when it is worth contacting a car service center is the lack of diagnostic equipment and the presence of good friends among car mechanics.

Computer diagnostics

For computer diagnostics of the VAZ 2110, you will need a KKL adapter (other names 2KL, KL, K-line).

More often this adapter is found under the name “VAG Com 409.1 KKL”. In this abbreviation, “VAG Com 409.1” is the name of the program that comes on the disk along with the cable. This program is intended for diagnosing Audi, WV - it will not be useful to us.

To connect the VAZ 2110 to a computer, download and install the OpenDiag program.

In general, there are quite a large number of programs for connecting a VAZ using a KKL adapter, you can install everything and choose the one you like. OpenDiag is a free program, the project is in constant development. New blocks are constantly being added and functionality is expanding. The program almost completely implements diagnostics of ECUs of VAZ family cars, as well as support for many ECUs of the GAZ/UAZ/ZAZ families.

Methods for diagnosing ECUs and errors on a VAZ 2112 via the OBD connector

Let's look at the main ways to analyze on-board systems on 2112:

Using the dashboard:

The ECU independently polls the elements of the electrical circuit. The result is displayed on the dashboard display. To activate, you must hold down the mileage reset button and simultaneously turn the ignition key to the “ON” position. The scoreboard arrows will begin to move. Node error codes will appear on the display.

Important: the instrument panel must be marked “VDO”.

The second method is to short-circuit the pins on the diagnostic block:

These are contacts "A" and "B". After applying on-board power (ignition key in position 1), wait for the “Check” display to turn on. If there are errors, the light flashes cyclically. The sum of flashes is equal to the table code number. Values ​​are separated by delays.

Car scanners or adapters:

ECM models of the early generation VAZ 21XX use an infrared communication port to communicate with external equipment. A standard K-Line VAG adapter is suitable for them. Data packets are sent to the diagnostic program. The adapter is connected to the service socket, after which reading occurs.

This article presents a summary table of recommended diagnostic equipment for VAZ 2112 vehicles.

CAN bus:

Newer control modules are switched using a new standard - CAN bus. Information blocks are sent in both duplex and unidirectional modes. This significantly expands the capabilities of the service software. Engine operating values ​​are displayed online. Fault codes can be deciphered and deleted from the module memory.

Reviews of diagnostic scanners for VAZ 2112

Read detailed articles on the review of car scanners, including those compatible with the VAZ 2112.

Reviews of OBD2 diagnostic car scanners

This section provides descriptions of diagnostic scanners and adapters. Before purchasing a scanner for your car, it is recommended that you read reviews of the most popular equipment models.

Firmware and chip tuning.

Replacement of internal software is carried out in order to modernize the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. Both serial standard and chip programs are used. Before replacing software, it is important to know its type. For this purpose there is a marking consisting of three parts. The first is compatibility with the module:

• J4 - January-4,4.1; • J5 - January-5.1.Х; • V5 - VS-5.1; • M1 - M1.5.4 (new revision); • M7 - MP7.0.

Firmware decryption:

The second index is the car model. For VAZ 2112 this is the letter “V”. The third parameter is the class of environmental standards. New blocks have different markings.

Tuning software is characterized by increased dynamic parameters of the engine. Each firmware is made for a specific processor.

ECU firmware

The CombiLoader software loader is perfect for VAZ 2112 controllers. 55 and 81-pin connectors are used for connection. Consists of a USB port and a connector on the car side.

CombiLoader works well in combination with universal diagnostic cords. Connections with OBD2 are allowed. The firmware download process takes several minutes.

How can you tell if your car is faulty?

There is a special lamp on the instrument panel with the inscription CHECK ENGINE. When you turn on the ignition, it lights up, and until you start the engine, a special program reads data from all systems and components of the car, thus transmitting data to the on-board computer to identify faults.

After you start the engine, the lamp should go out, but if it stays on for another 10 seconds, it means that some problems have been identified and error codes have been entered into the on-board computer programs. Communication with the controller is carried out using the diagnostic block.

CHECK ENGINE control signal on the instrument panel of a VAZ 2110

Diagnose VAZ engine faults with your own hands using simple tools.

Visual diagnostics can only indirectly determine a malfunction, with the exception of experienced mechanics. For a more accurate determination, tools are needed.

• First, you need a compression meter to measure compression in the cylinders (for gasoline engines, diesel engines have much higher compression). They are sold in many auto parts stores or car markets, costing from 150 rubles and above. Anyone who has the opportunity to find a pressure gauge from 14 atm (kgf/m2) can make a compression gauge themselves. You need a high-pressure hose, a fitting in the spark plug hole (can be made from an old spark plug) and a spool from the chamber soldered into the fitting to hold the pressure in the pressure gauge. The fitting can also be ordered from a turner, for 40 rubles, I ordered it from an elevator workshop, they have machines there that sharpen all sorts of nuts and bolts for elevators.

• An oiled cloth to determine the compression stroke. You can take a whistle and combine it with the fitting in the spark plug hole, when the compression stroke begins, it will whistle. Very comfortably.

• A small compressor, 2-3 atm, for example, for inflating wheels, and an adapter for the spark plug hole. Needed to check the tightness of the cylinders. If you don't have a compressor, you can use your own wheel. To do this, you will need a hose of the required length (from the wheel to the engine) and a little imagination.

To measure compression, warm up the engine to operating temperature, then turn off the fuel supply, remove the hose from the carburetor, you can place it in some container or clamp it with a clamp. On the injectors, take out the fuel pump fuse and start the engine, let it run until it stalls. We turn off the high voltage; you can remove the central wire from the distributor or turn off the voltage supplied to the ignition coil. Disconnect the crankshaft position sensor on the injector. We unscrew all the spark plugs, first you need to blow out or clean the area around the spark plug, especially on 16 valve motors, so that dirt and dust do not get into the cylinder. We screw/insert the compression gauge fitting into the spark plug hole, ask the assistant to press the gas to the floor and turn the engine with the starter until the pressure gauge needle stops in one position. We write down the readings on a piece of paper. And so on for each cylinder. Ideal compression should be approximately equal to the compression ratio multiplied by 1.2. For example, the compression ratio of a VAZ 2112 with a 1.5 liter engine is 9.8. We multiply by 1.2 = 11.7, that is, the compression of 11.0 - 12.0 atm (kgf/m2) will be excellent. But it is worth considering some factors that influence the measurement error.

• Firstly, this is the mileage of the car. The value of 12 atm will be on a new, run-in and fully operational engine. • Engine temperature below operating temperature reduces compression. • A poorly charged battery causes the starter to turn weaker and reduce compression. • Incorrect valve clearance will also reduce compression. • The presence of oil in the cylinder seals the connections and dramatically increases compression.

Now about the measurements. The difference in cylinder readings should not exceed 1 atm. If the readings are about 11 atm in all cylinders, and 9.5 in one, then this is a reason to be wary. To determine the malfunction with a higher probability, you need to monitor the increase in pressure gauge readings with each crankshaft revolution. • So if during the first revolution the pressure is low 3-4 atm, and during subsequent revolutions it increases, this will mean problems with the rings or wear of the cylinders, adding 10 cubes of oil to the cylinder should sharply increase the pressure at the first revolution. • If the pressure is 5-8 atm during the first revolution, and there are no significant changes during subsequent revolutions, we can assume that the valve is deformed or the cylinder head gasket is leaking. • On a working engine, the pressure at the first revolution will be 6-8 atm, and gradually over 4-5 revolutions it will increase to 11-12 atm.

• Compression readings are 0-4 atm, burnout of the piston, valve or cylinder head gasket is likely. • Indications are 4-6 atm, possible breakage of the rings or the piston partition between them. • Uniform readings of all cylinders within 8-10 atm indicate wear of the cylinder-piston group. • Readings of 10-11 atm correspond to a working engine. • 12-12.5 atm readings for a new run-in engine. • Readings equal to or higher than normal on an engine with high mileage indicate oil has entered the cylinder. Wear of the cylinder-piston group or valve guides with oil seals.

The readings must also be compared with the results of visual diagnostics.

Let's say the problem cylinder is found, the results are analyzed, but the exact picture is not visible. This requires a leak test. Insert an oily rag (whistle) into the spark plug hole of the problem cylinder. We lift the car so that one of the drive wheels comes off the ground. If you have a curve or a ratchet key, then it’s even easier. We turn the wheel, putting it in high gear or with the key in neutral, until the rag flies out of the spark plug hole (the whistle blows). Thus we found the compression stroke in the cylinder. We lower the car, set the speed and handbrake. And we supply air into the cylinder from a compressor or from a wheel. Two or three atmospheres are enough.

Calculation of codes

Most often, diagnostic program codes are “deciphered” using a special device. However, on VAZs it is not so difficult to do it yourself.

ECU January 4 for VAZ 2110

The diagnosis itself goes like this:

• Connect contact “B”, which has the diagnostic block and “ground”;
• Turn the ignition key to the third position, do not start the car;
• First, the aforementioned “CHECK ENGINE” lamp flashes code 12 three times in a row. It, in fact, does not signal any malfunction, but simply shows that the diagnostic programs are working. On the VAZ 2110 this happens in this order: the lamp blinks briefly once (which should be considered the designation of number 1). After a pause of at least two seconds, it flashes twice in a row (two). So we got the number two. And this is repeated three times so that the driver can understand these signs;
• Now you need to be careful not to miss any faults. After the diagnostic program has declared its serviceability, it will begin to display error codes, if any. In the same way - flashes and pauses.

Tuning and repair of VAZ 2110

Hello dear visitors of the site vaz2110-remont.ru. The topic of this article will be diagnostics of the tidy on the VAZ 2110, 2111, 2112.

In order to start the self-diagnosis mode of instrument clusters, you must turn on the ignition while holding down the button that resets the daily mileage.

How to understand that the mode has started? Everything is very simple, the oil pressure lights, the battery icon, the fuel warning light and the Chek light will start to light up. In this case, all arrows begin to move from the initial position to the maximum, and this process is repeated. This way you can check the operation of all light bulbs, instruments, and arrows.

Go ahead and press the button to reset the daily mileage. In this case, the arrows return to their initial position, and the firmware version will appear on the on-board computer screen. In our case, this is version 1.1.

When we press the button to reset the daily mileage, an error code will appear.

To reset this error, you need to press and hold the button that resets the daily mileage. Until the error resets to 0.

To check that the errors have been reset, we repeat the procedure: enter the mode - diagnostics of the VAZ 2110 device (while turning on the ignition, press and hold the button that resets the mileage); Press the mileage reset button three times and look at the on-board screen. It should show 0.

We decided on this. But now we need to find out what kind of error we identified during the self-diagnosis of the instrument clusters. A table is presented to you for this purpose.

Installing a new adapter

Modern adapters elm 327 with the OBD-II program (puncture) are suitable for the VAZ 2110 . You can also install them yourself. First you need to purchase an elm 327 and a cable for it. You already know the location of the diagnostic connector. Be sure to study the instructions, which indicate the pinout of the block and the location of each connector.

Connection diagram for ELM327 to 12 PIN diagnostic block

The pad can be removed quite easily. Insert your own cable into each connector of the block, making sure that the pinout of the elm 327 complies with the manufacturer’s instructions. Check that each connector is connected correctly and each cable is in the correct place. After this, the block is installed in its place.

Connecting the diagnostic connector to the block

Fault detection programs for elm 327 can be downloaded on the Internet, many of them in a free version. Now your VAZ is ready to detect errors in various car systems, and you can always download error codes from us.

Connecting the diagnostic connector to the block Connecting the diagnostic connector to the block

Improvement of the OBD connector for the VAZ 2110: independent connection of the ELM 327 adapter

There is a special “CheckEngine” light on the dashboard of the VAZ 21110 car. When the ignition is turned on, the light comes on and while the vehicle’s internal combustion engine is not running, a special program reads data from all units and systems of the vehicle, transmitting data on fault detection to the on-board computer.

If, after starting the vehicle’s internal combustion engine, the “check” does not go out for another 10 seconds, it means that faults in the system have already been identified and the corresponding error codes have been entered into the memory of the on-board computer.

The codes are deciphered either with a special diagnostic device or independently. Using the example of the VAZ 2110 “January-4” ECU, we will consider the algorithm for performing diagnostics independently:

• connect contact “B” of the diagnostic block and “ground”;
• turn the ignition key to the third position without starting the car;
• the “CheckEngine” light illuminates the code “12” (the light flashes once -1, after a pause of two seconds it flashes twice in a row -2 flashes three times in a row (the program has started diagnostics);
• the program will detect the malfunction by displaying the corresponding error codes (flash, pause).

Some tips for installing a modern ELM 327 adapter with the OBD-II program (protocol) for the VAZ 2110:

• purchase an adapter along with a cable;
• study the installation instructions (pinout of the block and location of each connector);
• You must insert your own cable into each connector of the block, checking the pinout; it must comply with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Let us also add that programs for determining faults of the ELM 327 adapter are downloaded from various sources on the Internet.

Program for diagnosing VAZ cars

Diagnostic scanners do not work without special software. Therefore, a properly selected program will completely cover the needs of not only the average motorist, but also the novice diagnostician.

The main functions of software for computer diagnostics of VAZ cars include:

• Engine operating parameters are displayed in real time;
• Display and reset errors for a specific car;
• Adjustment of basic operating parameters of transport;
• Creation of vehicle operation schedules, etc.

Program for diagnosing VAZ cars

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Selection of diagnostic equipment

Demand creates supply. Online stores are full of advertisements for diagnostic devices that check all kinds of car brands of different years of production. Adapters that satisfy a wide range of untrained users are considered. The buyer makes the choice. Some car enthusiasts want to perform periodic monitoring, maintain the operating condition of the vehicle, and use a laptop or tablet. Others like to be an airline pilot, constantly monitoring changes in dozens of parameters on a smartphone by connecting a test device permanently. The diagnostic devices produced will satisfy various wishes.

VAZ car owners should pay attention to devices designed to test VAG Group vehicles (48 automobile manufacturing enterprises producing branded cars in 21 countries around the world). In an effort to enter the world market, VAZ developers focused on electronic units with the logic for constructing tires from the VAG concern. The scanner must support the required protocol. Vehicles manufactured before 2007 are checked using the K-Line bus. New cars operate via a CAN bus; the K-Line bus is not provided on the connector.