The UAZ Patriot generator is designed to maintain the battery charge and the functioning of electrical equipment during operation of the power unit. The electric machine is equipped with a belt drive from the engine crankshaft. The design of the unit includes a rectifying unit and a protective fuse that trips when the equipment is overloaded.
Generator for UAZ Patriot.
Generator UAZ Patriot: design features
The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant equips the UAZ Patriot with synchronous generators Iskra, Pramo Electro or BATE. Electric generators are equipped with a silicon diode bridge and automatic voltage adjustment. There is a pulley on the rotor axis, secured with a key and a nut. Torque is transmitted from the engine crankshaft thanks to a belt drive with a manual tension mechanism.
Adjustment of the tension force must be done carefully, adhering to the manufacturer's instructions, since excessive tension can damage the bearing supports.
The silicon rectifier bridge has a removable and reliable design, which is very convenient when repairing equipment. The rectifier bridge is sealed, which prevents dirt, water, and dust from getting inside. The technical characteristics of the silicon block are as follows: rated output voltage 14 V, current - no more than 90 A (for cars with installed air conditioning - no more than 120 A).
The bridge is located on the outside of the rear cover of the generator and serves to convert alternating current into direct current. Diodes are made of silicon and allow voltage to flow in only one direction. Heat removal from the diode is carried out by convection and air, the flow of which is created by a fan located on the rotor.
The main problem that UAZ Patriot car owners face is insufficient voltage to charge the battery. Instead of 14 V, the voltage actually comes in much less.
There are four ways to solve the problem:
- replace the generator;
- replace flint bridge;
- check the contacts powering the unit;
- install a three-level regulator.
Device
The UAZ Patriot generator itself consists of several parts, which, if they fail, can be replaced with new ones purchased at the store. So don't rush to buy a new one if there is something wrong with the old one. It may be possible to get by with a little money by replacing one part in it. By the way, the UAZ Patriot, even in versions with air conditioning, has a 120A “Iskra” model installed. If you take it apart, you can see several main parts:
- silicon rectifier
- voltage relay
- diode bridge
There is also a shaft inside, to which a pulley is attached to the outside of the housing, and the pulley is driven by a belt drive from the engine crankshaft. But it happens that the generator suddenly stops producing the required voltage, or stops working altogether. Some UAZ Patriot owners complain about the constant undercharging of the battery, but the whole point is that the device, instead of the required 14 volts, barely produces 13. And so, in what case will you have to resort to dismantling the generator:
- when replacing voltage relays (brushes)
- when repairing or replacing a diode bridge
- when replacing a bearing
Three-level regulator
To prevent voltage sags, as well as to get rid of the problem of constant undercharging of the battery by the generator, it is recommended to install another three-level one instead of the standard regulator (which comes from the factory to the UAZ Patriot). Such a regulator allows you to vary the output voltage produced by the generator within certain limits, depending on the ambient temperature. For example, in the winter season, the battery requires increased voltage for normal recharging - for which a three-position switch is mounted on the regulator itself.
On the Internet you can find many complaints from owners of a UAZ Patriot with a ZMZ 409 engine that in the summer, during traffic jams, the air conditioner barely cools the interior, that is, the generator produces too low a voltage. Replacing the generator with a more productive one, cleaning the contacts from oxides, or replacing the standard voltage regulator with a multi-level one can help here.
It is best to attach the regulator itself to ground in a convenient place under the hood of the UAZ Patriot, after first cleaning the mounting area from dirt. In addition, this way it will cool better, because during operation the regulator heats up quite noticeably.
When replacing or repairing a diode bridge, it is also necessary to remove the generator from the car; it is not possible to do the work on site. In general, a diode bridge is designed to rectify current from AC to DC, using diodes - which allow current to pass in only one direction. The diode bridge is well protected from dust and dirt and is quite easy to change.
Removing the generator
To remove the Iskra 120A generator on a UAZ Patriot with air conditioning and a 409 engine, you must perform the following steps:
- Before starting these actions, it is necessary to de-energize the car by removing the negative terminal from the battery.
- Next, you need to disconnect all the connectors with wires that go to our device.
- To remove the minus of the generator, you must first unscrew the fixing nut.
- After this, you can begin to remove the drive belt.
- Loosen the top mounting bolts, and then the bottom ones.
- Remove the two bolts securing the upper bracket to the top of the cylinder block and remove the device.
Installation is carried out in the reverse order of removal.
Generator bearing
There are a large number of generators for UAZ Patriot, but all of them certainly have an element such as a bearing in their design. When it breaks down or is simply severely worn, the generator begins to “howl”, as it were, however, it can also howl if the belt is over-tensioned. On the UAZ Patriot there are already two bearings in the design of the generator; the one on the cover is visible. The bearing is replaced together with the cover, or removed separately (this is cheaper).
Diagnosing the bearing is simple: you need to start the engine and if an extraneous sound comes from the generator (whistle, creaking), then you need to stop the engine, remove the drive belt, and then try to turn the pulley by hand. Tactile sensations are very helpful in diagnosing a malfunction. It makes sense to sound the alarm when there is play when the pulley rocks, or the shaft rotates jerkily - with variable force.
Belt replacement
After a certain number of kilometers on any car, the alternator belt wears out, and wear can manifest itself as belt stretching or cracking. It happens that the range of adjustments for belt tension may not be enough to properly tension a belt that has been stretched over time. To replace the drive belt, you must have wrenches size 10 and 12 on hand. The procedure is as follows:
- Remove the power steering belt, crankshaft pulley and fan pulley. Read more about this in this article.
- Loosen the mounting bolts at the tensioner roller.
- Unscrew the adjusting bolt, and then remove the loose pump and generator belt.
- install a new belt by first screwing in the adjustment bolt, the belt is tensioned so that it bends by 15 mm. Then tighten the roller mounting bolt.
Removing the electric generator
Below is the process of removing the UAZ Patriot generator step by step:
- Disconnect the negative terminal from the battery.
- Disconnect the cable from the generator.
- Unscrew the positive terminal nut in the device and disconnect the cable.
- Release the tension on the drive belt.
- Remove the belt from the pulleys and unscrew the locking bolt of the generator housing.
- Remove the nut securing the top of the generator to the adapter bracket.
- Remove the nut securing the bottom of the generator. Remove the bolt from the hole.
- Unscrew the 2 nuts connecting the bracket and the cylinder block and dismantle the electric generator for repair or maintenance.
The instructions described above are suitable for removing electric generators in gasoline UAZ Patriots. In cars with a diesel engine, a single belt is used to drive the generator, which rotates a fan pulley attached to the water pump rotor. Before dismantling the UAZ Patriot generator, you need to remove the impeller; the remaining steps will be the same as for cars with a gasoline engine.
Removal and installation
If the generator fails or is replaced, it must be removed; to do this, you need to do the following:
- The negative terminal is disconnected from the battery;
- The block with wires is disconnected from the product;
- The negative terminal nut of the device is unscrewed and the cable is disconnected;
- The belt at the device drive is removed;
- The tension at the top fastening nuts and at the counter bolt is weakened;
- The mounting bolt is unscrewed from the bottom of the generator;
- A pair of bolts that secure the upper bracket and cylinder head are unscrewed;
- The generator will be removed.
Once removed, necessary repairs or replacements can be made. Everything is installed in reverse order.
If you need to install a three-level regulator in place of the standard relay, you need to do the following:
- The back cover of the generator is removed;
- The brushes and standard relay are removed; for this, a pair of nuts and one connecting screw are unscrewed;
- A new regulator is installed, it is screwed with pant nuts and connected to the diode bridge using a screw;
- A box with a regulator is screwed to the car body in a convenient place;
- The mass is attached to the body.
This device will help extend the battery life.
To connect the device, there is a special diagram that looks like this; this diagram includes the following main components:
Installation of a three-level regulator
To install a three-level regulator you must:
- Dismantle the generator and remove the protective housing located on the back cover.
- Disconnect the standard voltage regulator, check the condition of the collector plates on the rotor of the electric generator.
- Install the three-level regulator: secure with standard nuts and wires.
- Make an output of an additional cable with corrugated protection through an auxiliary hole in the protective housing.
- Mount the control controller and set the necessary operating parameters.
- Replace the electric generator.
The regulator body is installed on the car body, the plug with the letter Ш is used to connect to the modernized brush assembly. The other output from the brushes is connected to the 3rd contact of the B-regulator. Block B is connected to the positive terminal of the battery via a relay, which is powered from the ignition switch.
Replacing the diode bridge on a UAZ Patriot
The problem with the low voltage of the electric generator may be hidden in an incorrectly functioning silicon bridge.
To check the functionality of the generator, you will have to completely disassemble the diode bridge and remove the spare part.
Ringing will help determine whether the bridge is in good condition or not. The rectifier bridge consists of six diodes conducting voltage in one direction. When ringing, we find out the resistance value. If the resistance differs between the diodes by more than 5 ohms, then it is necessary to replace the silicon bridge, since the difference in resistance will greatly affect the flow of current.
When purchasing a new diode bridge, the choice must be made based on resistance tolerances, otherwise problems with the electric generator will not disappear.
Checking and replacing the UAZ Patriot generator bearing
The electric generator has two bearings; special attention should always be paid to the rear one. The electric generator may be in a faulty state precisely because of the bearing.
The performance of the bearing is checked as follows:
- rotation speed is checked;
- the next step is to rock the bearing from side to side;
- Turn the bearing clockwise.
The part needs to be replaced if the bearing seizes, a cracking sound is heard when turning, or there are vibrations.
Bearing replacement is often carried out together with the generator cover, but sometimes it is done separately.
The procedure for replacing a bearing is as follows:
- You will need an old alternator belt: fold it in half and clamp it tightly.
- Unscrew the bearing using a 24mm socket.
- Using a 8mm head, unscrew the generator cover.
- Remove the cover and unscrew the four bolts.
- Use a rubber hammer to knock out the bearing.
- We install the new bearing in its original place using the head of the wrench and assemble the electric generator in the reverse order.
Why does the generator fail?
One of the reasons for generator failure is careless operation of the vehicle. An unpleasant sound that will come from the generator during a trip can warn of a breakdown.
Also, it is not the generator itself that may fail, but its constituent elements, and in this case, repairs alone can be sufficient. But if the situation is not corrected in time, the generator will break down and will need to be replaced.
To replace the generator, it is recommended to contact specialized service stations, where real professionals are ready to take on the work. They will conduct high-quality diagnostics, determine the cause and quickly repair the generator or install a new one. If necessary, you can replace it yourself. But for this you will need to familiarize yourself with how the UAZ Patriot works and the generator connection diagram. In addition, you can watch various photos or videos of similar processes.
Do-it-yourself replacement involves performing several steps.
Preparatory stage
In this case, the car owner needs to prepare the required tools, as well as buy a new generator - this can be the original model or its analogue. The tools you will need are:
- screwdrivers;
- wrenches for various diameters;
- extension;
- hammer.
After this, you can proceed to the next stage.
Main stage
The main stage of replacing a generator involves removing it and installing a new unit. The removal process is divided into several steps:
- First, you will need to install the car in the repair site and take care of fixing its wheels. You will also need to turn off the engine and remove the terminals from the battery. This is necessary to ensure the safety of the work being carried out.
- Next, you need to disconnect the connectors with wires from the generator. This must be done as carefully as possible so as not to damage the wiring and the holes where the wires are attached.
- After this, you need to unscrew the nut from the negative terminal and remove the main cable connected to the generator.
- The fourth step is to remove the drive belt. To do this, you will first need to loosen the rollers to which the belt is attached, and then proceed directly to removing it.
- The next step is to loosen the tension of the counter-bolt and nuts of the upper fastening. It is important to hold the generator at this time to make it easier to unscrew the fastening element.
- The same is done with the bolts and nuts at the bottom of the generator.
Finally, the Patriot owner will only have to unscrew the two bolts securing the upper bracket and remove the generator. After this, you can either repair the failed unit, if during the inspection it turns out that this is possible, or install a new one.
Reinstalling the generator is done in exactly the same way as disassembling the structure, but you need to proceed in the reverse order. Therefore, it is important to mark bolts, nuts and other fasteners during work so that you can understand which element they are responsible for fixing.
Functionality check
When the assembly of the structure is completed, all that remains is to check the functionality of the new generator. To do this, you need to connect the terminals to the battery and start the engine.
The absence of any sound from the generator will indicate that the work was completed successfully and you can continue to operate the vehicle. The same work is carried out for UAZ "Patriot" with air conditioning.
To prevent such problems from arising too often in the future, and to avoid having to spend a lot of money on purchasing a new generator, it is recommended to regularly inspect the condition of the entire vehicle and carry out timely repairs of failed elements.
This is interesting: Hyundai Accent fuses: where they are and how to replace them
Replacing the UAZ Patriot alternator belt
The alternator belt has a certain service life (15-20 thousand km), so sooner or later it will have to be replaced. It is recommended to replace the poly V-belt every ten thousand kilometers or when cracks appear on the inside of the belt.
In order to replace the belt, you need to lift the hood, remove the air filter and loosen the tension roller using a 15mm wrench. After this, replace it with a new belt and tighten the tension roller for smooth operation. If you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust this work to a specialist.
How to check the voltage of the electric generator on the battery
Electromotive force or potential difference can be determined by the following methods - using generating equipment and through a battery. The electric generator is directly connected to the power source with a thick cable, so to check the level of potential difference, you can measure the voltage at the power source. When using this method, you will need special measuring instruments - a voltmeter, multimeter or load fork.
The device wires are connected to the battery in any order. The plug must be connected to the battery terminals, and the polarity must be strictly observed. The permissible voltage in the network should not be less than 12.5 volts. At idle speed with the electrical devices of the machine turned off, this figure should be about 13.5-14 V. Reducing the voltage values to 13.3-13.8 volts is acceptable.
Based on the above, the main types of failures of the UAZ Patriot electric generator can be problems with the poly V-belt, bearing failure, or failure of the diode silicon bridge. You can also solve the problem of voltage drop on the UAZ Patriot generator by installing a three-way regulator, but this will not solve all the existing problems. If problems are detected in the operation of the electric generator, it is necessary to immediately begin diagnosing it to identify the causes of the breakdown.
“We treat undercharging”: The specialist told how to get rid of problems with the wiring of the UAZ “Patriot”
The driver had to rack his brains quite a bit before he understood why his Patrick’s battery was draining so quickly.
As part of the “fight against undercharging,” the owner of the UAZ “Patriot” said that only a couple of months had passed since the purchase of the SUV, but he had already, one way or another, managed to “get acquainted” with the serious problem of the domestic car.
Charging the battery was very weak, and the driver began to think about installing a “Cargo” relay, as he was advised on the network. But as it turned out, this did not eliminate the problems with the wiring of the UAZ Patriot. With the lights, music and stove on, the on-board computer showed 12.9-13.5 V, and in some cases the voltage even dropped to 11.9 V.
Measurements directly on the battery showed that the “on-board” was lying, underestimating the readings by about 0.6-0.9 V, and therefore the mechanic decided to look for ways to get rid of the unpleasant problem. He purchased 2 meters of PV-3 wire, with a cross-section of 35 millimeters - a necessary part that will go from the generator to the battery, but the matter was not limited to just one wire.
For the mass of the battery, for the body and engine of the UAZ Patriot, the specialist took a wire with a smaller cross-section, and then removed the “original” wire running from the generator to the starter. And only after all these manipulations, the driver managed to get rid of the problems with the wiring of the Russian SUV. Commentators on the network, however, believe that the voltage loss in the wire was due to too much resistance, and therefore now the car enthusiast will have to take good care of his car.
“We treat undercharging with new wires - simply and reliably”, “Now make sure that the battery does not boil away”, “Everything is with the Patriot, not like with people,” motorists share their impressions of the useful recommendation.
Source
